Page 44 - 雕鐫海之角

斜移斷層
正斷層 translational fault 右移斷層
Normal Fault right-slip fault

斷裂面
fault plane

斷裂面 斷裂面
節理 fault plane fault plane

Joint 斷層 Fault

A fault is a fracture of the crust which causes the 斷層是岩層形成斷裂，並產生錯移。其種類
節理是岩石的裂隙，節理與斷層的差異在於 adjacent stratifications to move along the fault line.
通常根據兩斷層面相對移動的關係，分為上盤對
節理的塊體並無相對移動。節理越發達，岩塊越 There are three kinds of faults. Normal faults are the
result of tensions within the crust, and the hanging wall 下盤形成相對向下移動的正斷層、上盤對下盤形
破碎，也越容易被風化、侵蝕。節理是地下水容
will slide downwards along the fault plane to the foot 成相對向上推移的逆斷層及上下盤在水平面上相
易進出的地方，當地下水把岩層中的鐵質溶解、
wall. Thrust faults are the, compression of both sides 對之位移，而無上下垂直移動的平移斷層三種。
攜帶至節理處沉澱時，氧化鐵的膠結物對抗侵蝕 of the crust, and the hanging wall slides over the foot
數百萬年前，龍洞岬的砂岩在造山運動時，
的作用較強，形成許多風化紋路的特殊地景。 wall along the fault plane. Faults and folds often appear
at the same time. 岩層產生褶皺作用。堅硬的砂岩在褶皺時發生被
A joint is a cleavage in a rock, and the difference
Strike-slip faults result from the relative movement 拉張的現象，因此砂岩就形成了許多的正斷層以
between a fault and a joint is that there is no relative
of two blocks along the strike directions and produce a
movement between blocks in a joint. 及節理構造。
wrench fault from the compressional forces. Longdong
Generally speaking, a joint is a planar surface,
cape has many small normal faults resulting from
but sometimes it becomes a curved surface. A joint
tension forces.
is also a discontinuity where the rock can be eroded
easily because water and air can move more easily
and increase the rate of weathering. The joints can
intersect at different angles and can result in the
formation of unique tiny landscapes; for example,
chessboard rock is the product of the weathering of
two sets of perpendicular joints.

地質圖書 Geopark at Northeast and Yilan Coast National Scenic Area